Peptic Ulcer Disease Concept Map | Types | Diagnosis | Treatment | NSAID's | H Pylori

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Peptic Ulcer Disease Concept Map
Peptic ulcer disease concept map version 2.0
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Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) Concept Map: An Overview

Peptic ulcer is a disruption of mucosal integrity of the stomach and/or duodenum that can be >5 mm in size.
This map links between all aspects of peptic ulcer disease, including disease's definition, types of peptic ulcer, complications, risk factors, etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, patient education, and follow-up.
The map focuses on the link between peptic ulcer causes, diagnosis, and treatment. Whenever the cause of peptic ulcer is known through the diagnostic approach, the treatment can be determined. This means that treatment of peptic ulcer differs according to the cause of ulcer, i.e. treatment of peptic ulcer caused by helicobacter pylori infection differs from that caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) which in turn differs from treatment of stress-induced ulcer and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Types of Peptic Ulcer

Ulcer site determines its type; gastric ulcer occurs in the lining of the stomach, duodenal ulcer occurs in the duodenum, and esophageal ulcer affects the lining of the esophagus.

Clinical Presentation

Peptic ulcer signs and symptoms can differ from patient to patient. Moreover, ulcer may not cause any symptoms or it may just cause an abdominal discomfort.  Peptic ulcer symptoms include: epigastric pain, heartburn, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, and melena.
Complications of Peptic Ulcer
Serious complications may occur for patients who do not seek appropriate treatment. The most common problems include:

  • bleeding ulcer (known by the presence of melena),
  • perforation of stomach or duodenum (causes epigastric pain that radiates to the back), and / or
  • gastric outlet obstruction, (causes dyspepsia and vomiting).

Etiology / Causes of Peptic Ulcer

Peptic ulcer disease occurs when aggressive factors (including: gastric acid and pepsin) overwhelm defensive factors (including: gastric mucus, bicarbonate, microcirculation, prostaglandins, mucosal barrier) that are involved in mucosal protection.  This damage is caused mainly by 4 causes: helicobacter pylori infection, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's), severe physiological stress, or hypersecretory states as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
The map explains how each of the previously mentioned causes leads to ulcer. And here is a diagram showing how non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs' mechanism of action leads to ulcer formation through affecting the mucus barrier of the stomach and allowing acid to cause an ulcer.

Peptic Ulcer Risk Factors

Include factors that aggravate ulcer formation and/or delay its cure. These factors are mentioned in the following part of the map.

Diagnosis of Peptic Ulcer

It is important to diagnose the underlying cause of ulcer disease properly before starting treatment, as treatment varies for different types of ulcers.
The map contains more details about the diagnostic approach including:
  • Radiography.
  • Endoscopy.
  • Detection of helicobacter pylori infection.
  • Screening for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Peptic Ulcer Treatment

It is determined according to the cause of ulcer. Thus, 4 treatment protocols are stated in the map including:
  • Treatment of peptic ulcer caused by helicobacter pylori infection,
  • Treatment of NSAID-induced ulcer,
  • Treatment of stress-induced ulcer, and
  • Treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Patient Education

See our previous post: Peptic Ulcer - 4 key points on patient education

Follow up of peptic ulcer 

Follow up is to be conducted through the same diagnostic tests and / or procedure and depending upon ulcer type.  Details are stated in the map.

3 reasons why this is ideal for studying peptic ulcer:

  1. It displays peptic ulcer disease in a logical way; linking between ulcer causes, diagnosis, and treatment.
  2. Contains an easy-to-study peptic ulcer treatment protocols. These protocols are displayed in an organized way using comparison tables and funny cliparts that help in memorization.
  3. It makes "one unique picture" of peptic ulcer disease available in your mind for an easy recall of information during practice.
Peptic UIcer Disease Concept Map Folded Poster

We hope you find Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) concept map helpful and we are looking forward to hearing your opinion. This map is available in the following formats:


Map's Format
Delivery
Printing

Folded Poster

The maps is printed out on ordinary A1 size paper and it is folded to be nearly sized as A4 paper.
Physical.

To be sent to your address through the Egyptian Registered Postal Mail.

Delivery in Egypt takes few days,

Other countries: 2-3 weeks; you can upgrade to express mail. Please contact us for details.
Already printed out.
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Whole Map

It's the map's soft copy. You will have the map as a whole on your computer screen.
Electornic; Download link.

A .pdf file for the whole map will be available for download immediately after payment received.
Printing the .pdf file of the map is not allowed.
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Printable Version

The map is split into pages to be printed on four A4 papers. After printing them, you have to tape the edges together to make a folded poster.
Electornic; Download link.

A .pdf file for the printable version of the map will be available for download immediately after payment received.
Printing is allowed. The map is to be printed out on several pages.
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PUD Concept Map, version 2.0 by Maha Atef, B Pharm
Last updated on: 10 July 2012


References 

DiPiro, Joseph T. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach. 6th. The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2005.
Enaganti, Santosh. "Peptic ulcer disease - the disease and non-drug treatment." Hospital Pharmacist 13. (2006): 239-43. Web. 8 Jan 2010. 
Fauci, Anthony S., et al. Harrison's Online. 17th Edition ed. The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2008. Merck Medicus. 2008. 17 Feb. 2009 <http://www.merckmedicus.com /pp/us/hcp/frame_textbooks.jsp?pg=http://www.accessmedicine.com/resourceTOC.aspx? resourceID=4> 
Goroll, Allan H., and Albert G. Mullay. Primary Care Medicine: Office Evaluation and Management of the Adult Patient. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2009. 537-48. Print. 
Le, Tri H., and George T. Fantry. "Peptic Ulcer Disease." eMedicine. 17 Jul 2008. Medscape, Web. 8 Jan 2010. <http://emedicine.medscape.com>. "Peptic ulcer." General Practice Notebook. Oxbridge Solutions Ltd�, Web. 8 Jan 2010. <http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk>.

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