Obesity Concept Map | Etiology and Risk Factors | Diagnosis | Complications | Comorbidities | Treatment
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Obesity Concept Map: An Overview
The aim of this concept map is to clarify the approach for evaluating and managing overweight/obesity patients.Definition
The map starts with the definition of Obesity "obesity is excess body fat. It is defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2." and the epidemiology. On the left side of the map, you'll find obesity etiology and risk factors stated and represented using a funny image that will help you memorize this part easily.
Etiology and Risk Factors
Factors that contribute to obesity
include:
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Genetic factors; cause primary obesity
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Environmental factors
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Secondary causes; medications and medical conditions that may cause
secondary obesity
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Psychiatric disorders
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Physiological factors
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Other risk factors
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| Obesity Etiology and Risk Factors - part of the map Click to enlarge |
Classification
According to the etiology:
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Primary obesity
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Secondary obesity
According to body mass index (BMI)
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| Classification of obesity according to BMI |
According to waist-to-hip ratio
(fat distribution):
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Apple obesity
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Pear obesity
Diagnosis and Clinical Presentation
Diagnosis of obesity is based on
1-
History; it is important to assess patient's dietary habit, physical
activity level, whether obesity is due to one of the secondary causes or not,
and if the patient have any of obesity comorbid conditions that should be
managed besides to obesity.
2-
Physical Examination, includes:
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Body mass index (BMI) = weight / height2 (kg/m2);
it is used to assess the severity of obesity; see previous table
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Body composition analysis; assesses percentage of body fat and muscle.
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Waist circumference; estimates visceral fat
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Waist-to-hip ratio; measures fat distribution; accordingly obesity is
classified into: Pear obesity (gynoid obesity) and Apple obesity (Android
obesity)
3-
Laboratory Test that assess secondary causes and/or comorbid condition,
examples:
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Fasting lipid profile
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Fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and electrolyte measurements
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Serum thyroid stimulation hormone and free T4 measurement
Complications and Comorbidities
They are stated in the map using a
simple figure showing sites of organs exposed to obesity complications. Overall they can be: psychosocial,
neurological, cardiovascular, endocrinal, musculoskeletal, renal,
gastrointestinal, and/ or pulmonary.
Using the previously mentioned aspects of obesity – risk factors, secondary causes and information got from diagnosis and clinical presentation - individualized treatment goals and plan are to be set.
Treatment of Obesity
The map includes treatment goals
and approach.
First line therapy for obesity is Non-Pharmacological Treatment including: Low-calorie diet (LCD), Exercise, and Behavioral Modification – benefits of each and more details are stated in the map.
Pharmacotherapy – presented in the form of comparison; comparing:
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Centrally acting anorexiant medications (impair dietary intake)
First, Agents Approved for
Long-Term Use (Lorcaserin - Phentermine/Topiramate ER)
Second, Agents Approved for
Short-Term Use (Phentermine – Diethylpropion)
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Peripherally acting medications (impair dietary absorption): Orlistat
Bariatric Surgery – the map explains
its indications, benefits, most common procedures (Adjustable gastric banding -
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)), and post-operative maintenance and
supplementation.
This map will help you link between obesity etiology and/or risk factors and diagnosis for the aim of individualizing therapy.
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| Obesity Folded Map |
We hope you find Obesity concept map helpful and we are looking forward to hearing your opinion. This map is available in the following formats:
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Map's Format
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Delivery
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Printing
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Folded Poster
The maps is printed out on ordinary A1 size paper and it is folded to be nearly sized as A4 paper.
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Physical.
To be sent to your address through the Egyptian Registered Postal Mail.
Delivery in Egypt takes few days,
Other countries: 2-3 weeks; you can upgrade to express mail. Please contact us for details.
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Already printed out.
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Whole Map
It's the map's soft copy. You will have the map as a whole on your computer screen.
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Electornic; Download link.
A .pdf file for the whole map will be available for download immediately after payment received.
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Printing the .pdf file of the map is not allowed.
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Buy Now |
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Printable Version
The map is split into pages to be printed on six A4 papers. After printing them, you have to tape the edges together to make a folded poster.
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Electornic; Download link.
A .pdf file for the printable version of the map will be available for download immediately after payment received.
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Printing is allowed. The map is to be printed out on several pages.
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Obesity concept map is written by: Hagar M. Abdel AA'l, B Pharm.
Reviewed and edited by Maha Atef,
B Pharm.
Last updated on: 7 February 2013
Last updated on: 7 February 2013
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| Back to Diseases and Conditions |
Complications and Comorbidities
Diagnosis
obesity concept map
Obesity Etiology and Risk Factors
orlistat
Treatment of obesity
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